What is Addison’s Disease?
Addison’s disease, also called primary adrenal insufficiency, is a rare but serious disorder where the adrenal glands fail to produce enough cortisol and aldosterone. These hormones regulate metabolism, blood pressure, and stress response.
🔹 Key Facts:
- Affects 9,000 people in the UK, with 300+ new cases yearly.
- Most common in ages 30-50, and more frequent in women.
- Without treatment, it can lead to a life-threatening adrenal crisis.
Table of Contents
Addison’s Disease Symptoms
Early signs mimic other conditions like depression or flu, making diagnosis tricky.
Early Symptoms
✔ Fatigue & muscle weakness
✔ Low mood & irritability
✔ Unintentional weight loss
✔ Increased thirst & salt cravings
Advanced Symptoms
⚠ Dizziness & fainting
⚠ Darkened skin (hyperpigmentation)
⚠ Severe fatigue & muscle cramps
⚠ Low blood pressure
Adrenal Crisis (Medical Emergency):
- Sudden vomiting, confusion, extreme weakness
- Requires immediate hydrocortisone injection & 999 call
Addison’s Disease Causes
The most common cause is autoimmune destruction (70-90% of cases). Other causes include:
- Tuberculosis (TB) (damages adrenal glands)
- Cancer or infections (rare)
- Genetic disorders (e.g., adrenal leukodystrophy)
Diagnosis: How is Addison’s Disease Detected?
Doctors use:
- Blood Tests – Check cortisol, sodium, potassium, ACTH levels.
- ACTH Stimulation Test – Measures adrenal response.
- Imaging (CT/MRI) – Checks for adrenal damage.
💡 Tip: If you have unexplained fatigue & weight loss, ask for hormone testing.
Treatment
1. Hormone Replacement Therapy
- Hydrocortisone (replaces cortisol)
- Fludrocortisone (replaces aldosterone)
2. Emergency Care for Adrenal Crisis
- Keep an emergency hydrocortisone injection kit
- Wear a medical alert bracelet
3. Lifestyle Adjustments
✔ Increase salt intake (if advised)
✔ Monitor stress & illness (may require dose adjustments)
✔ Regular check-ups to prevent complications
FAQs About Addison’s Disease
1. Is Addison’s disease curable?
No, but lifelong hormone therapy keeps symptoms controlled.
2. Can stress trigger an adrenal crisis?
Yes—infections, surgery, or trauma can worsen symptoms.
3. Why does skin darken in Addison’s?
Due to excess ACTH, which stimulates melanin production.
4. Is Addison’s disease hereditary?
Rarely, but some genetic forms exist.
5. Can I exercise with Addison’s?
Yes, but adjust intensity & stay hydrated.
